Volume 16 > Part 1 > Year 2022 > Page 208 > Annonaceae > Monoon

10. Monoon lateriflorum (Blume) Miq.wfo-0000372999

Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 19. 1865.— Guatteria lateriflora Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 20. 1825.— Polyalthia lateriflora (Blume) Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 43: 52. 1874; King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 61: 58. 1892. Fig. 42.

Accepted Name : This is currently accepted.

Synonyms & Citations :

Description : Tree up to 20 m tall, bark smooth, blackish grey. Twigs blackish grey, glabrous with conspicuous lenticels. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic or oblanceolate, 20‒40 by 6.5‒14(‒15) cm, base obtuse to acute, apex acute to rounded, glabrous on both surfaces, midrib grooved above, secondary veins fairly straight, 16‒20 per side, tertiary venation percurrent; petioles (5‒)7‒10(‒12) mm long, 3–4 mm thick, shallowly grooved above, glabrous. Inflorescences forming fascicles on tubercles of leafless twigs, 3‒7-flowered, pedicels 50‒80 mm long, 1‒1.2 mm thick, glabrous, each bearing an adnate triangular bract 3‒4 by 1.5‒2 mm between the base and the midpoint; buds ovoid. Sepals valvate, chartaceous, triangular, 3‒5 by 3‒4 mm, apex acute, glabrous on both sides. Petals valvate or imbricate at the apices, spreading, green to yellow, pink to red on inner base, thinly coriaceous, oblong, apex acute, glabrous on both sides; outer petals 40‒60 by 6‒8 mm; inner petals 50‒70 by 10‒13 mm. Stamens slightly cuneate or oblong, 1‒1.2 mm long, anther connective apex truncate. Carpels numerous, 2‒2.5 mm long, stigmas higher than anther connective apices, oblong, 0.8–1 mm long, pubescent. Receptacle cushion-shaped, 5–6 mm in diam., 2‒3 mm thick, pubescent. Fruit of up to 20 monocarps borne on a pedicel 40‒60 mm long, 8–10 mm thick. Monocarps orange, red, or purplish red when mature, fusiform, 4‒4.5 by 2.2‒2.5 cm, glabrous, both ends tapering, stipe 18‒35 mm long, 4‒4.5 mm thick; pericarp 7‒9 mm thick. Seeds oblong, 20‒24 by 12‒14 mm, brown, smooth, often shiny.

Thailand : SOUTH-WESTERN: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; PENINSULAR: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Songkhla, Yala, Narathiwat.

Distribution : Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Borneo, Java (type), Sulawesi.

Ecology : Tropical rain forests and peat swamp forests, 100‒1250 m alt. Flowering: December‒May; fruiting: March‒August.

Vernacular : Niam khao (เนียมเขา)(Chumphon); sang yu bai yai (สังหยูใบใหญ่)(Trang); kluai mu sang (กล้วยหมูสัง), kluai i hen (กล้วยอีเห็น)(Yala); kluai (กล้วย), pi-sae (ปีแซ)(Narathiwat).

Uses: Wood is used for construction.

Notes: Monoon lateriflorum is one of the few Annonaceae species in Thailand extending above 1000 meters in elevation. It is similar to M. sclerophyllum but has larger leaves, longer petals, and larger monocarps.