Volume 14 > Part 4 > Year 2020 > Page 600 > Vitaceae > Causonis

1. Causonis japonica (Thunb. ex Murray) Raf.wfo-1200063020

Med. Fl. 2: 122. 1830; J.Wen, L.M.Lu & Boggan, Philipp. J. Sci. 142: 234. 2013.— Vitis japonica Thunb. ex Murray, Syst. Veg. 244. 1784; King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 65: 403. 1896.— Cissus japonica (Thunb.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 1(2): 659. 1798; DC., Prodr. 1: 632. 1824; Planch. In A.DC. & C.DC., Monogr. Phan. 5(2): 561. 1887.— Cayratia japonica (Thunb. Ex Murray) Gagnep., Notul. Syst. 1(11): 349. 1911; in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 1: 983. 1912; in Humbert, Suppl. Fl. Indo-Chine 1: 901. 1950; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java (Spermatoph.) 2: 93. 1965; Momiy. In H.Hara, Fl. E. Himalaya 1: 199 (1966), 2: 78. 1971; Momiy. In H.Hara & L.H.J.Williams, Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 2: 93. 1979; Jackes, Austrobaileya 2(4): 376. 1987; D.G.Long & Rae, Fl. Bhutan 2(1): 161. 1991; C.L.Li, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 48(2): 78. 1998; B.V.Shetty & P.Singh, Fl. Ind. 5: 269. 2000; Ren & J.Wen, Fl. China 12: 192. 2007; W.J.Kress et al., Contr. U S. Natl. Herb. 45: 393. 2003; Trias-Blasi, Fl. Nepal Vitaceae: Webedition 1. 2017.

Accepted Name : This is currently accepted.

Synonyms & Citations :

Description : Slender herbaceous climber. Stem cylindrical to subcylindrical, 2–5 mm diam., branched, sparsely pubescent with hairs to 0.2–0.6 mm long, sometimes appearing glabrescent, ridged; tendrils bi- to trifurcate, slender, wiry, cylindrical, peduncle 20–100 by 05–0.1 mm long, then bifurcating and coiling 1–5 cm long, glabrous. Leaves 5-foliate; pedate, alternate; petiole 10–90 by 1–1.5 mm, glabrous to pubescent, central petiolule 0.5–2.5 cm long, lateral petiolules 2–15 mm long then bifurcating and sometimes subsessile to 2–5 mm long, glabrous to pubescent; blade of central leaflet ovate-lanceolate to elliptic, 2.5–11 by 1.5–5 cm, base cuneate to rounded; blade of lateral leaflet 1.5–7 by 1–3 cm, base slightly oblique; margin dentate to slightly dentate, apex acute, acuminate to cuspidate; adaxial surface almost glabrous except for hairs on midrib, to pubescent with hairs concentrated on veins, to completely hairy, abaxial side glabrous to densely pubescent with hairs concentrated on veins, veins protruding, 1 main basal vein in each leaflet, 3–9 pairs of secondary veins. Inflorescence ramified, axillary, mostly dividing dichotomously, with numerous ramifications, (2-)4–15 by (4–)6–22 cm, lax; peduncle 30–100 by 1–1.5 mm, pubescent or glabrous, upper axis puberulent, pedicel 0.75–2 mm long, puberulent with hairs to 0.1 mm long. Buds ovoid, 1–2.5 by 0.75–2 mm. Calyx cupuliform, entire to sublobed, margin sinuate, 0.5–1 by 1–1.75 mm, puberulent. Petals 4, ovate, 1.5–2 by 1–2 mm, apex cucullate, papillose to puberulent. Stamens 4; filaments flattened, broadening at base, 1–1.25 mm long; anthers elliptic, medifixed, 0.5–1 mm long. Disc with 4 distinct lobes, cupular, 0.5–1 by 1–2 mm, glabrous. Style conical, 0.4–0.75 mm long; stigma inconspicuous. Fruit subglobose, 5–10 mm diam., glabrous, smooth. Seeds 2–4, triangular, 3.5–9 by 2.5–5 mm, adaxial side with two faces, abaxial side convex with a linear chalazal knot.

Thailand : NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son (Doi Chang), Chiang Mai (Op Luang, Doi Chiang Dao, Doi Inthanon, Doi Suthep), Phayao (Doi Angka, Doi Luang), Nan (Tham Pa Tok), Lamphun (Doi Khun Tan), Phitsanulok (Phu Rom Rot); NORTH-EASTERN: Loei (Phu Kradueng); SOUTH-WESTERN: Kanchanaburi (Wangka, Sangkhla); CENTRAL: Saraburi (Sam Lan), Nakhon Nayok (Nang Rong Falls); SOUTH-EASTERN: Chon Buri (Khao Khiao), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao); PENINSULAR: Ranong (Khao Phota Luangkaeo), Surat Thani (Ban Kop Kaep), Phangnga (Khao Khlong Yang, Khao Phra Mi), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Luang), Satun (Khuan Kalong), Songkhla (Kho Hong), Yala (Betong), Narathiwat (Su-ngai Kolok).

Distribution : India (lectotype of Causonis tenuifolia), Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh/India (lectotype of C. japonica var. mollis), Myanmar, China, Japan (lectotype of C. japonica), Korea, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia (Java), the Philippines, Australia.

Ecology : Evergreen and deciduous forests, limestone areas, disturbed areas, 0–2,000 m alt. Flowering and fruiting all year.

Vernacular : Khruea phat ha (เครือพัดห้า); khruea khao tin to (เครือเขาตีนตอ), ya tin to (หญ้าตีนตอ)(Northern); ya pok to (หญ้าปกตอ)(Lamphun).

Uses: The berries are used as a poultice on swellings and aching parts. Also used in curries. (Shetty & Singh, 2000).