e-Flora of Thailand

Volume 14 > Part 3 > Year 2019 > Page 460 > Calophyllaceae > Calophyllum

14. Calophyllum tetrapterum Miq.wfo-0000581363

Pl. Jungh. [Miquel] 3: 291. 1854; P.F.Stevens, J. Arnold Arbor. 61(2): 505. 1980; Sungkaew et al., J. Forest Management 3(5): 14, f. 1N, f. 11. 2009; S.Gardner et al., Forest Tree S. Thailand 1: 291, f. 425 (line drawing), f. 426 (top, middle & bottom left, excluding bottom right & line drawing). 2015; C.Byrne et al., Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 46(2): 180. 2018. Fig. 14. Plate XLIX: C.


Accepted Name : This is currently accepted.



Synonyms & Citations :

Calophyllum bancanum Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat., Suppl. 1(3): 499. 1861; Kurz, Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië 27: 192. 1864; F.Muell. in Walp. Ann. Syst. Bot. 7: 357. 1868; Scheffer, Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië 31: 354. 1870, 32: 405. 1873.
Calophyllum gracile Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat., Suppl. 1(3): 498. 1861; F.Muell. in Walp. Ann. Syst. Bot. 7: 357. 1868.
Calophyllum floribundum Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1(2): 272. 1874; King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 59(2): 175. 1890; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 184. 1922; M.R.Hend., Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 4: 224. 1928; M.R.Hend. & Wyatt-Sm., Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 332, pl. 16. 1956; Smythies, Common Sarawak Trees: 61. 1965; Burkill, Dict. Econ. Prod. Malay Penin. 2(1): 412. 1966; Whitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2: 181, f. 2. 1973; Corner, Gard. Bull. Singapore Suppl. 1: 104. 1978.
Calophyllum pulcherrimum auct. non Wall. ex Choisy: T.Anderson in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1(2): 271. 1874; Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1: pl. 104A. 1885, pro parte; Vesque, Epharmosis 2: pl. 21. 1889; Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 8: 570. 1893, pro parte; Curtis, J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 25: 78. 1894; Pit. in Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 1(4): 321. 1910; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 182. 1922, pro parte; Burkill & M.R.Hend., Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 3: 347. 1925; Craib, Fl. Siam. 1: 121. 1925; Gagnep. in Humbert, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine Suppl. 1(3): 274. 1943.
Calophyllum prainianum King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 59(2): 175. 1890; Vesque, Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 8: 550. 1893; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 183. 1922.
Calophyllum venustum King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 59(2): 180. 1890; Vesque, Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 8: 549. 1893; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 186. 1922.
Calophyllum pulcherrimum Wall ex. Choisy var. gracile (Miq.) Boerl., Catal. Pl. Phanerog. Horto Bot. Bogor. 2: 82. 1901.
Calophyllum foetidum Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 54: 18. 1910; Fl. Malay. Penins. 1: 186. 1922.
Calophyllum lanceola Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 82: 170. 1920; Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 182. 1922.
Calophyllum dryobalanoides auct. non Pierre: Craib, Fl. Siam. 1: 120. 1925; Gagnep. in Humbert, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine Suppl. 1(3): 274. 1943, pro parte.
Calophyllum rupicola var. elatum Whitmore, Gard. Bull. Singapore 26(2): 270. 1973; Tree Fl. Malaya 2: 169. 1973.


Description : Medium to large trees up to 25 m tall; trunk straight, sometimes with small buttresses or spurs; outer bark greyish brown to dark greyish black, shallowly and narrowly fissured; slash-mark pink to reddish brown; exudate clear honey coloured. Youngest twigs flattened and angled, more or less slender, glabrous; internode 1–3 cm long; uppermost pair of axillary buds 0.5–1 mm long; terminal buds 0.2–0.5 cm long, with brown pubescence. Leaves glabrous; lamina varies in shape and size, oblong-elliptic, elliptic to obovate, 3.5–8(–13) by 1.4–4 cm; apex acute to acuminate; base cuneate to attenuate; margin entire and pale brown when dry; coriaceous; drying brown to reddish brown adaxially and light brown abaxially; midrib on adaxial surface depressed in a channel from the base to 1/2–2/3 of lamina length, raised on abaxial surface; lateral veins on both surfaces distinct, 6–15(–17) veins/5 mm; petioles 0.5-1.5 cm long, narrowly and deeply concave adaxially and convex abaxially. Flowers axillary, 1.5–4.5 cm long, 3–11-flowered, covered with slightly brown pubescence; pedicels 0.5–2.5 cm long. Tepals (4–)8, sometimes 5, 6 or 7; outer pair ovate, oval to suborbicular, 3–5 by 3–4 mm, glabrous to slightly pubescent along margin and apex; inner one obovate or ligulate, 4–8 by 3–5 mm, glabrous; next two with same shape and size, obovate to spathulate, 5–7 by 2–3 mm, or innermost oblong-oblanceolate, 5–6 by 1–1.5 mm, glabrous. Stamens 36–86; filament 2–5 mm long; anther oblong or elliptic-oblong, 1–1.3 mm long. Ovary 1–2 mm long; style 2–4.5 mm long. Fruits broadly ovoid to globose, 0.6–1 by 0.5–0.8 cm; acute to rounded at apex; dark green when ripe; exocarp plus mesocarp 0.5–1 mm thick; endocarp 0.5–0.7 mm thick, ellipsoid-globose to globose, 0.55–0.85 by 0.45–0.75 cm.


Thailand : SOUTH-EASTERN: Trat; PENINSULAR: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Krabi, Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Narathiwat.


Distribution : Andaman Islands, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra (type) to Borneo excluding mainland Java.


Ecology : Usually found alongside streams in evergreen or peat swamp forests, sea level to 150 m alt. Flowering: September–January; fruiting: January–April.


Vernacular : Tang hon (ตังหน)(Surat Thani, Trang, Narathiwat).


Uses: Young leaves are eaten as a vegetable.


Main

Figure 14
Plate 49: A
Calophyllum tetrapterum Miq.