Volume 14 > Part 3 > Year 2019 > Page 450 > Calophyllaceae > Calophyllum

9. Calophyllum polyanthum Wall. ex Choisywfo-0001296210

Descr. Guttif. Inde: 43. 1849, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 12(2): 423. 1849; Planch. & Triana, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. Sér. 4, 15: 278. 1861; T.Anderson in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1(2): 274. 1874; Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 43: 88. 1874, Forest Fl. Burma 1: 95. 1877; Gamble, List Trees Darjeeling Dist.: 7. 1878; Vesque, Epharmosis 2: pl. 6. 1889; Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 8: 555. 1893; Prain, Bengal Pl. 1: 246. 1903; Brandis, Indian Trees: 54. 1907; Craib, Fl. Siam. 1: 121. 1925; Kanjilal et al., Fl. Assam 1: 114. 1934; Maheshwari, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 2: 144. 1960; Dutt et al., Indian Forester 100: 65. 1974; P.F.Stevens, J. Arnold Arbor. 61(2): 220. 1980; S.Gardner et al., Field Guide Forest Trees N. Thailand: 53. 2000; H.W.Li et al., Fl. China 13: 39. 2007; Sungkaew et al., J. Forest Management 3(5): 8, f. 1L, f. 4. 2009; S.Gardner et al., Forest Tree S. Thailand 1: 296. 2015; C.Byrne et al., Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 46(2): 174. 2018. Fig. 9. Plate XLVIII: B.

Accepted Name : This is currently accepted.

Synonyms & Citations :

Description : Large trees up to 40 m tall; trunk straight, without buttresses; outer bark brownish yellow, deeply fissured; slash-mark pink to dark red, sometimes with whitish band; exudate clear honey coloured. Youngest twigs flattened and angled, slightly brown pubescent; internode 1.5–4 cm long; uppermost pair of axillary buds 1–4 mm long; terminal buds 1–2 cm long, with brown pubescence. Leaves slightly pubescent to glabrous; lamina elliptic, ovate-elliptic, oblong-elliptic to lanceolate, 6–15 by 3–5 cm; apex acuminate; base attenuate; margin entire to slightly repand; coriaceous; drying brown to greenish brown adaxially and light brown abaxially; midrib on adaxial surface depressed in a channel from the base to 1/3–2/3 of lamina length, raised on abaxial surface; lateral veins on both surfaces distinct, 7–15(–20) veins/0.5 cm; petioles 1.5–2.5 cm long, concave adaxially and convex abaxially. Flowers terminal and from upper leaf axils, covered with brown pubescence, 6.5–17.5 cm long, 21–187-flowered; pedicels 1–1.8 cm long. Tepals 8; outer pair oval to suborbicular, 3–4 by 3–3.5 mm, dorsally greyish brown pubescent; inner one ovate, 5–8 by 4.5–5.5 mm, dorsally slightly pubescent becoming denser towards base; next two with same shape and size, ovate, 6–6.5 by 5–5.5 mm, slightly pubescent along margin towards base. Stamens 200–277; filament 2.5–4.5 mm long; anther 1–1.7 mm long. Ovary 2–2.2 mm long, style 3.5–4 mm long. Fruits ovoid to ellipsoid, occasionally subglobose, 3–4 by 2–3 cm, acute to more or less pointed at apex; blackish when ripe; exocarp plus mesocarp 0.2–0.3 cm thick; endocarp 0.5–0.7 mm thick, ovoid to subglobose, 2–2.6 by 1.6–2 cm.

Thailand : NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Nan, Phitsanulok; NORTH-EASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei; SOUTH-WESTERN: Uthai Thani, Prachuap Khiri Khan; PENINSULAR: Chumphon, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang.

Distribution : India (Assam – type)(western Ghats and NE India) to SW China, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam.

Ecology : Evergreen forests in Peninsula, 100–200 m alt. and in hill evergreen forests in north and northeast, 950–1,500 m alt. Flowering: March–May; fruiting: May–November and October–February.

Vernacular : Pha ong (พะอง)(Loei); kho-mai-do (คอไหม้ดอ)(Karen-Kamphaeng Phet); sa-chum-mun (ซ้าจุ้มมุ่น)(Karen-Mae Hong Son); tang hon (ตังหน)(Nakhon Si Thammarat; ma haen doi (มะแหนดอย)(Chiang Mai).

Uses: The wood is used for general construction and furniture.