e-Flora of Thailand

Volume 14 > Part 1 > Year 2018 > Page 176 > Violaceae > Viola

4. Viola hamiltoniana D.Donwfo-0001145204

Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 206. Feb. 1825; W.Becker, Beih. Bot. Centralbl., Abt. 2, 40: 170. 1923; H.Hara in H.Hara & L.H.J.Williams, Enum. Flow. Pl. Nepal 2: 47. 1979; S.P.Banerjee & Pramanik, Fasc. Fl. India 12: 23, fig. 25. 1983; Grierson in Grierson & D.G.Long, Fl. Bhutan 2(1): 228. 1991; S.P.Banerjee & Pramanik in B.D.Sharma & N.P.Balakr., Fl. India 2: 363, fig. 67l. 1993; Wadhwa & Weeras. in Dassan. & Clayton, Revis. Handb. Fl. Ceylon 10: 414. 1996. Fig. 9.


Accepted Name : This is currently accepted.



Synonyms & Citations :

Viola arcuata Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 58. June–Dec. 1825; Gagnep. in Humbert, Fl. Indo-Chine Suppl. 1: 175. 1939; K.Larsen, Dansk Bot. Ark. 23(1): 67. 1963; M.Jacobs & D.M.Moore in Steenis, Fl. Males., Ser. I, Spermat. 7: 205, fig. 8: 10, 14. 1971; Y.S.Chen et al. in C.Y. Wu et al., Fl. China 13: 78. 2007.
Viola distans Wall., Trans. Med. Soc. Calcutta 7: 227. 1835; Hook.f. & Thomson in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 183. 1872; Boissieu, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 1: 210. 1909.
Viola alata Burgersd. in Miq., Pl. Jungh. 2: 121. 1852; Gagnep. in Humbert, Fl. Indo-Chine Suppl. 1: 184. 1939.


Description : Stoloniferous perennial herbs, prostrate, glabrous. Stipules lanceolate to oblong, 4–14 by 1–3(–6) mm, remotely dentate, glabrous or rarely white to pale purple, with darker veins. Leaves broadly ovate, (0.5–) 2.5–5 by (1–) 2–6 cm, glabrous, rarely sparsely ciliate or pubescent on veins beneath; apex cuspidate to obtuse; margin crenate-serrate; base broadly hastate to broadly and deeply cordate; petioles 1–14 cm long, glabrous. Flowers: pedicels 2–15 cm long, glabrous; bracteoles in the upper half; sepals lanceolate, 2.5–5 by 1–2 mm, entire, glabrous, green or fuscous with scarious margin; appendage 0.5–1 mm long, rounded, glabrous; petals white, purple or pink, with dark blue veins, oblong to oblanceolate, 7–8 mm long; lateral petals not or slightly bearded; spur 0.5–2 mm long, cylindrical, obtuse, equaling or exceeding calycine appendage; style 1–2 mm long, geniculate at base, clavate with rounded marginal lobes at apex. Fruits oblong, 4–12 mm long, glabrous. Seeds ellipsoid, ca 1 mm long, creamy yellow.


Thailand : NORTH-EASTERN: Loei (Phu Kradueng, Phu Suan Sai NP); EASTERN: Chaiyaphum (Thung Kramang).


Distribution : Himalayas (type from Nepal), India, China, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia (Java – type of Viola arcuata, Sumatra), the Philippines, New Guinea.


Ecology : Hill evergreen forests, pine forests, open grasslands, by streams, 800–1,300 m alt. Flowering: August–March; fruiting: September–March.


Vernacular : Phak khao pa (ผักคาวป่า)(Loei).


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