e-Flora of Thailand

Volume 10 > Part 1 > Year 2009 > Page 95 > Dioscoreaceae > Dioscorea

29. Dioscorea pentaphylla L.wfo-0000393431

Sp. Pl. 2: 1032. 1753; Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae. 1: 20. 1827; Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3: 806. 1832; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 289. 1892; Ridl., Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. 2: 80. 1907; Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1912: 407. 1912; Prain & Burkill, J. & Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal. 10: 23. 1914; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penin. 4: 314. 1924; R.Knuth in Pflanzenr. 4, 43: 145. 1924; Prain & Burkill, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927: 236. 1927; in Fl. Indo-Chine 6: 724. 1934; Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 14(1): 160. 1936; Burkill in Fl. Mal. 4, 3: 315. 1951; Backer, Fl. Jav. 3: 155. 1968; Hô, Câyco Viêtnam 3, 2: 938. 1993; Noltie in Fl. Bhutan 3(1): 10. 1994; Jayasuriya in Rev. Handb. Fl. Ceylon 9: 55. 1995; Ding & Gilbert in Fl. China 24: 290, 2000. Fig. 52, 53; Plate XIX.


Accepted Name : This is currently accepted.



Synonyms & Citations :

Dioscorea triphylla L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1032. 1753; Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae. 1: 20. 1827; Prain & Burkill, J. & Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 10: 25. 1914.— Hamatris triphylla (L.) Salisb., Gen. Pl.: 12 . 1866.
Dioscorea digitata Mill, Gard. Dict. 8: 6. 1768.
Dioscorea spinosa Burm., Fl. Malab.: 5. 1769.
Ubium scandens J. St-Hil. in Expos. Fam. Nat. 1, 1: 106. 1805.
Dioscorea kleiniana Kunth, Enum. Pl. 5: 394. 1850.
Dioscorea jacquemontii Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 290. 1894; R.Knuth in Pflanzenr. 4, 43: 146. 1924.— D. pentaphylla var. jacquemontii (Hook.f.) Prain & Burkill, J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 10(1): 23. 1914.
Dioscorea pentaphylla var. cardonii Prain & Burkill, J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 10(1): 23. 1914.
Dioscorea pentaphylla var. communis Prain & Burkill, J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 10(1): 23. 1914; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927: 236. 1927.
Dioscorea pentaphylla var. hortorum Prain & Burkill, J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 10(1): 23. 1914.
Dioscorea pentaphylla var. kussok Prain & Burkill, J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 10(1): 23. 1914.
Dioscorea pentaphylla var. linnaei Prain & Burkill, J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 10(1): 23. 1914.
Dioscorea pentaphylla var. malaica Prain & Burkill, [Prain & Burkill ex Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1912: 407. 1912, nom nud.), J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 10(1): 23. 1914.
Dioscorea pentaphylla var. rheedei Prain & Burkill, J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 10(1): 23. 1914.
Dioscorea pentaphylla var. simplicifolia Prain & Burkill, J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 10(1): 23. 1914.
Dioscorea pentaphylla var. suli Prain & Burkill, J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 10(1): 23. 1914.
Dioscorea pentaphylla var. thwaitesii Prain & Burkill, J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 10(1): 23. 1914.
Dioscorea globifera R.Knuth in Pflanzenr. 4, 43: 149. 1924.
Dioscorea pentaphylla var. L. unifoliata R.Knuth in Pflanzenr. 4, 43: 146. 1924.
Dioscorea pentaphylla var. papuana Burkill, Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 3: 258. 1924.
Dioscorea codonopsidifolia Kamik., Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 25: 140. 1935.
Dioscorea changjiangensis F.W.Xing & X.Z.Li, Acta Bot. Austro. Sin. 10: 19. 1995.


Description : Variable climber to at least 20 m in dense forest, often much smaller. Tubers 2–3(–5), usually one or two per growing season plus withering tuber(s) from previous season, ca 14–20 by 5–8.5 cm, variable in shape but usually cylindric to clavate, sometimes lobed according to Prain & Burkill (1936), vertically oriented, subtended by woody crown. Indumentum present on all parts except tepals of male flower and inner whorl tepals of female flower, hairs simple, 0.05–0.3 mm long, dense on young shoots and inflorescences. Stems 2–5 mm in diam., twining to the left, annual, terete, towards base woody and densely prickly, prickles lax on upper stem. Leaves 3–5(–7)-foliolate, rarely simple on reproductive shoots, alternate, leaflet blades narrowly obovate to oblanceolate, each with a single main vein (prominent below) and secondary veins which do not anastomose to form a submarginal “collecting vein”, chartaceous, margins entire, base cuneate to narrowly cuneate, apex rounded to acuminate with a filiform to narrowly deltoid forerunner tip, lateral leaflet blades usually asymmetric; petioles 3.2–15.5 cm long, sometimes with prickles, petiolules 1.6–1.8 mm long; cataphylls and lateral nodal organs absent; bulbils 3–30 mm in diam., globose to ovoid, pitted or tuberculate. Inflorescences pendent, tepals inserted on discoid gibbous torus, free, fleshy in texture, especially in female flowers; male inflorescences racemose, compound, 1–2 per axil, partial inflorescences 1–2(–3) per axil, peduncles 1.4–3 mm long, axes 0.8–3.2 cm long; female inflorescences spicate, simple, 1–3(–5) per axil. Male flowers very strongly fragrant, apically conical in bud and only appearing to open at the apex, pedicels 0.2–0.8 mm long, outer tepals 1–1.5 by 0.8–1.1 mm, ovate, inner tepals 1–1.5 by 1.0–1.1 mm, obovate, thickened along dorsal midrib; stamens 3, filaments 0.25–0.4 mm long, staminodes 3. Female flowers as in Fig. 53B–H, Pl. 20F. Capsules as in Fig. 53J, K, Pl. 20G–K,11–21 by 8.5–12.5 mm. Seeds 3–4.5 by 3.5–4 mm, lenticular-ovoid with a small apical projection; wing 7–11 by 3.5–5 mm, extending from seed base, oblong.


Thailand : NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son (Mae Sariang), Chiang Mai (Doi Ang Khang, Doi Chiang Dao, Doi Inthanon, Doi Suthep-Pui, Chiang Hua Lin, Mae Rim), Chiang Rai (Doi Luang, Mae Chan), Nan (Doi Phu Kha), Lamphun (Doi Khun Tan), Lampang (Muang Pan), Phrae (Mae Yom), Uttaradit (Ban Khok, Phu Soi Dao), Phitsanulok (Phu Miang, Thung Salaeng Luang), Tak (Umphang); NORTH-EASTERN: Loei (Khao Din Daeng, Phu Kradueng, Phu Luang, Wang Saphung), Sakon Nakhon (Phu Phan), Kalasin (Pooparn), Khon Kaen (Chum Phae); EASTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima (Pak Thong Chai, Khao Yai), Ubon Ratchathani, Chaiayaphum (Chumphae, Phu Khiao); SOUTH-WESTERN: Uthai Thani (Khao Pea-Shae), Kanchanaburi (Thong Phaphum, Sai Yok), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Bang Saphan); CENTRAL: Saraburi (Sam Lan); SOUTH EASTERN: Sa Kaeo (Aranya Prathet) Chon Buri (Khao Khiao), Chanthaburi (Makham, Pong Nam Ron), Trat (Bo Rai); PENINSULAR: Chumphon (Lang Suan), Ranong (Kapoe), Surat Thani (Khlong Phanom, Khao Sok), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Luang), Trang (Khao Chong, Thung Khai).


Distribution : Tropical Asia, from India to Indonesia, introduced in New Guinea, Australia and the Pacific Islands. Type: a plate of a plant from India (Jayasuriya 1995).


Ecology : In open and disturbed areas in mixed deciduous and evergreen forests, 50–1,400 m alt. Flowering: August–December; fruiting: November–January.


Vernacular : Kloi khi kung (กลอยขี้กุ้ง), man hua ko (มันหัวโก่)(Chiang Mai); la sa mu (ละสามู่), man i mu (มันอีมู), man mak mu (มันหมากมู่)(Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai); kruea di mu (เครืออีหมู)(Loei); man i mao (มันอีเมา)(Khon Kaen); man luang (มันหลวง)(Prachuap Khiri Khan); man khan khao (มันคันขาว)(Suphan Buri); ka top luen (กะตอบลื่น)(Sa Kaeo); man sai (มันทราย)(Ranong); man aon (มันอ้อน)(Laos).


Uses: Tubers and bulbils edible, more commonly eaten in the north, usually peeled and boiled or roasted.


Conservation Status: IUCN red list category LC (IUCN 2001).


Main

Figure 52

Figure 53
Plate XIX
Dioscorea pentaphylla L.