Volume 9 > Part 3 > Year 2008 > Page 337 > Fagaceae > Lithocarpus

49. Lithocarpus thomsonii (Miq.) Rehderwfo-0000230292

J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 132. 1919; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 102. 1940; Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 333. 1942; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark., 23.4: 485. 1968; C.C. Huang, Y.T. Chang & B.M. Bartol, in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 346. 1999.— Quercus thomsoni Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. 1: 109. 1863; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 2: 486. 1877; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 615. 1888; Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 473. 1911; Brandis, Indian Trees: 632. 1911.— Synaedrys thomsoni (Miq.) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 193. 1916.— Pasania thomsonii (Miq.) Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., 10.3: 390. 1921; Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 974. 1930. Fig. 90.

Accepted Name : This is currently accepted.

Synonyms & Citations :

Description : Tree, 5–25 m high, 60–150 cm girth. Twigs pubescent then glabrous, sparsely lenticellate. Bark greyish to blackish, rather smooth ca 2 cm thick; inner bark reddish-brown. Leaves oblanceolate, oblong or elliptic-oblong, 10–20 by 3–7 cm; base obliquely acute to obtuse; apex acute, acuminate to caudate; margins entire; coriaceous to subcoriaceous, glabrous, glossy green on the upper surface, pale to glaucous on the lower; midrib and nerves prominent on the lower surface, depressed on the upper; lateral nerves 9–14 pairs, scalariform veins conspicuous on the lower surface. Petiole 1–1.5 cm, pubescent then glabrescent, blackish when dry. Inflorescences male and female separate or female below, terminal and axillary, tomentose. Male inflorescence a spike or few-branched, spikes or spikelets 5–10 cm long; bracts and bracteoles linear, 1.5–2 by 0.2 mm, pubescent outside. Male flowers in 3–5-flowered cluster, rarely solitary; calyx (5)–6-lobed, broadly campanulate, 1–1.5 mm long; lobes ovate, divided ca halfway to the base, pubescent on both sides; stamens 12, ca 2 mm long, glabrous; rudimentary ovary subglobose, ca 1 mm in diam., hirsute. Female inflorescence spike 5–30 cm long. Female flowers in 2–3-flowered cluster, other characters as in male flowers; styles 3, divergent; stigmata pointed. Acorns sessile, ovoid to conical, 1.5–2.7 by 1–2.2 cm (including cupule), strongly depressed apex, more or less flattened, rarely apex conical; on erect infructescence, 6–20 cm long; acorns usually in clusters but not connate, indehiscent. Cupule saucer-shaped to slightly obconical, enclosing the base or up to ⅕ of the nut; wall comprising alternate thin triangular scales, fused internally. Nut 1, ovoid to turbinate, 1.5–2.5 by 1–2.2 cm, greyish pubescent then glabrescent.

Thailand : NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Lampang, Tak, Phitsanulok; NORTH-EASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei, Nakhon Phanom; SOUTH-WESTERN: Kanchanaburi; CENTRAL: Nakhon Nayok; SOUTH-EASTERN: Prachinburi, Rayong, Chanthaburi, Trat; PENINSULAR: Ranong, Narathiwat.

Distribution : India (type), Burma, China, Laos, Vietnam.

Ecology : Mixed deciduous forests, dry evergreen forests, lower montane scrub, lower montane rain forests, 100–1,700 m (most commonly 500–900 m). Flowering: January December (most commonly November–December); fruiting: January–December (most commonly July–September).

Vernacular : Ko khao (ก่อข้าว), ko mon (ก่อหม่น), ko nam (ก่อน้ำ), ko khao (ก่อขาว), ko ta mu (ก่อตาหมู)(Northern); ko khao (ก่อขาว), ko chaeng (ก่อแจง)(Southeastern); kliang cha mon (เกลี้ยงชะโมน)(Peninsular); mak ko mo (หมักก่อหม้อ)(Eastern).