Volume 9 > Part 3 > Year 2008 > Page 189 > Fagaceae > Castanopsis

3. Castanopsis argyrophylla King ex Hook.f.wfo-0000812734

Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 662. 1888; Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 473. 1911; Contr. Fl. Siam. Dicot.: 202. 1912; Hickel & A.Camus, Fl. Indo Chine 5: 1014. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 170. 1940; Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 236. 1944; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23.4: 497. 1968; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China, 4: 324. 1999. Fig. 6; Plate XVIII.

Accepted Name : This is currently accepted.

Synonyms & Citations :

Description : Tree, 9–20 m high, 60–200 cm girth. Lateral buds ovoid, with acuminate scales. Twigs densely pubescent then glabrescent, lenticellate. Bark blackish, lenticellate, deeply furrowed. Leaves obovate, elliptic, to oblong, 12–17 by 4–7.5 cm; base cuneate; apex acute, obtuse or acuminate; margins entire; coriaceous, glabrous, glossy green on the upper surface and light tan on the lower; midrib prominent on both surfaces; lateral nerves 6–10 pairs, sharply ridged, prominent and arched but not anastomosing on the lower surface and slightly depressed on the upper, scalariform and reticulate veins conspicuous on the lower surface. Petiole 1–1.7 cm long; glabrous, blackish when dry. Inflorescences male and female separate or mixed, erect, axillary or terminal. Male inflorescence with few to many branches spikelets 5–12 cm long, hairy throughout. Male flowers white, fragrant, in 1–3-5-flowered cluster; calyx 6, free, lobes 1–2 by 0.5 mm, incurved stamens 12, 2–2.5 mm long, glabrous; rudimentary ovary globose ca 0.5 mm in diam., glabrous. Female inflorescence spike to 25 cm long. Female flowers in 1–5 flowered cluster; bracts and bracteoles hairy; styles 3, divergent; stigmata pointed. Fruits sessile, globose or ovoid, ca 4 cm in diam. (including cupule), on erect infructescence 10–20 cm long. Cupule completely enclosing the nut except the umbo; wall with simple and branched woody spines, the latter erect and pubescent near base. Nut 1 per cupule, ovoid, conical 1–1.5 cm in diam., at both ends more or less oblique; scar flattened, ca 1 cm in diam.

Thailand : NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Lamphun, Lampang, Tak, Sukhothai; NORTH-EASTERN: Loei, Mukdahan; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum; SOUTH-WESTERN: Kanchanaburi; PENINSULAR: Trang.

Distribution : China, India, Burma (type), Vietnam.

Ecology : Lower montane rain forests, dry evergreen forests, lower montane, pine-oak forests, 350–1,300 m (most commonly 500–900 m). Flowering: February, November (most commonly June–July); fruiting: March–December (most commonly August November).

Vernacular : Ko yum (ก่อหยุม), ko hua lok (ก่อหัวลอก), ko ti (ก่อตี), ko nam bai lek (ก่อหนามใบเล็ก), ko kang dang (ก่อก้างด้าง), ko ta mu luang (ก่อตาหมูหลวง)(Northern).