Volume 7 > Part 3 > Year 2001 > Page 527 > Polygalaceae > Xanthophyllum

2. Xanthophyllum eurhynchum Miq.wfo-0000428556

Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavum 1: 277. 1864; King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 59: 137. 1890; Chodat in Pflanzenfam. 3(4): 345. 1896; Meijden, Leiden Bot. Ser. 7: 117, fig. 3A: a–b. 1982; Meijden in Fl. Mal. I, 10: 524. 1988.

Accepted Name : This is currently accepted.

Synonyms & Citations :

Description : Tree to 20 m. Axillary buds and sometimes base of petiole and axil hairy, buds 0.5–0.9 mm long, not stalked, all buds within the axil. Leaves ovate to elliptic-oblong, occasionally obovate; apex acuminate (tip 0.5–2.0 cm long); base rounded or cuneate, 6–11 by 2–5.5 cm, length to width ratio 1.7–3.5; margin undulate; underside smooth, with 1–5 glands, 0.2–0.4 mm, or up to 0.5 mm along veins; midrib sunken or flat with central groove above; secondary veins 3–6, looping and forming a distinct intramarginal vein; tertiary veins reticulate; petiole 4–10 mm. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, usually solitary, occasionally 2-branched, very short sparsely to densely patently hairy. Flowers white, upper petals yellow inside at base, keel sometimes with pink hue, orange-yellow when dried; pedicel 2–3 mm, outer sepals 1.5–2.5 mm, inner sepals 3.0–3.5 mm; upper petals 6–8 mm, hairy only inside at base; lateral petals 6–8 mm, glabrous or hairy inside at base; keel 6.5–8 mm, hairy inside at base or sparsely throughout, outside only along middle in upper half; keel usually almost equal to other petals. Stamens 6–8 mm; anthers 0.4–0.5 mm. Gynoecium 6–7.5 mm, shortly stipitate (ca. 0.5 mm), ovules 4; ovary densely hairy, style sparsely hairy. Fruit globular, to 2 cm diameter, more or less tuberculate, densely shortly hairy, grey green; seeds 1 or 2.

Thailand : PENINSULAR: Ranong, Phangnga, Krabi, Trang, Songkhla, Pattani, Narathiwat.

Distribution : Sumatra (type), Malay Peninsula.

Ecology : Evergreen forests, up to 500 m alt.

Vernacular : Chum saeng nam (ชุมแสงน้ำ), kra duk kai (กระดูกไก่)(Narathiwat); chum saeng khai (ชุมแสงไข่)(Peninsular); ni-leng (นีเลง)(Malay-Narathiwat).

Notes: Van der Meijden (1982) recognised two subspecies on fruit characters: subsp. eurhynchum with strongly verrucose fruits 1.5–1.8 cm in diameter and subsp. maingayi (Hook.f. ex A.W.Benn.) Meijden with fruits that are more or less smooth, transversely wrinkled, finely rugose or irregularly grooved and 1.2–1.5 cm in diameter. Both fruit types are represented in the Thai collections.