e-Flora of Thailand

Volume 4 > Part 3.3 > Year 2023 > Page 597 > Leguminosae-Papilionoideae > Glycine

Glycine max (L.) Merr.wfo-0000181462

Interpr. Herb. Amboin.: 274. 1917; Craib, Fl. Siam. 1(3): 438. 1928; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1: 625. 1963; T.C.Huang & H.Ohashi in H.L.Li et al., Fl. Taiwan 3: 293, pl. 593. 1977; F.J.Herm., Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1268: 39, f. 12. 1962; Grierson & D.G.Long, Fl. Bhutan 1(3): 693. 1987; Rudd in Dassanayake & Fosberg, Revis. Fl Ceylon 7: 294. 1991; R.Sha & M.G.Gilbert in C.Y.Wu et al., Fl. China 10: 251. 2010.— Phaseolus max L., Sp. Pl. 2: 725. 1753.— Soja max (L.) Piper, J. Am. Soc. Agron 6: 84. 1914.


Accepted Name : This is currently accepted.



Synonyms & Citations :

Dolichos soja L., Sp. Pl. 2: 727. 1753.
Soja hispida Moench, Methodus: 153. 1794.— Glycine hispida (Moench) Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 17: 398. 1873; Franch. & Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 108. 1875.
Soja japonica Savi in Pisa, Nuov. Giorn. Lett. 8: 113. 1824.
Soja viridis Savi, Cose Bot.: 9. 1832.
Soja angustifolia Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(2): 223. 1855.
Glycine gracilis Skvortz, Pub. Manchur. Res. Soc., Nat. Hist. Sect., Ser. A, 22: 8. 1927; Lingnan Sci. Jour. 6: 213. 1928.


Description : Annual erect herb, usually unbranched, up to 70 cm tall; older roots with globose nitrogen-fixing nodules 2.5–3.5 mm in diameter; stems terete, densely brown spreading hirsute. Stipules ovate, 3–6 by 2–3 mm, apex acute, base rounded, hirsute, persistent. Leaves sparsely to densely hirsute; petioles (3.8–)7.5–15.5 cm long, hirsute. Leaflets: petiolules 2–6 mm long, densely hirsute; rachis 1.1–3 cm long, hirsute; terminal leaflet symmetric elliptic, (3–)4.5–10.5 by 2.2–6.5 cm, apex rounded, acute to acuminate, mucronate; lateral leaflets opposite, asymmetrically ovate to suborbicular, 4.5–11 by 2.3–6.5 cm, apex acute or acuminate, mucronate; stipels subulate, 1.5–3 mm long, pulvini thickened; venation trinerved, conspicuous, very finely and sparsely puberulous both sides. Inflorescences axillary, racemose, 1.2–2.5 cm long, with few to several flowers; bract 1, elliptic, apex acute, 3 by 1–1.5 mm, hirsute; bracteoles 2, inserted at base of calyx, ovate-oblong, apex acute, sparesly hirsute, 2–3 by 0.5–1 mm. Flowers irregular, 5-merous; pedicels 2 mm long. Calyx campanulate, ca 6 mm long, sparsely hispid; tube 2 mm long; upper lobe 3 mm long, halfway bifid, tip acute, 1.5 mm long; three lower lobes subequal, ovate-lanceolate, 3.5–4 by 1.5 mm, apex acute. Corolla glabrous, rarely all white: standard suborbicular, 6–8 mm in diameter, apex rounded and shallowly emarginate, base clawed, 2 mm long, pink with violet veins and often with purple above the claw; wings obliquely oblanceolate, white, with a faint lilac hue, 8 by 3 mm, apex rounded, base clawed, 2 mm long and lobed on one side; keel obliquely obovate-oblong, ventrally connate in upper part, lilac, 5 by 2 mm, apex rounded, base clawed, 2 mm long. Stamens glabrous, ca 3.5 mm long; staminal tube whitish, ca 3 mm long; free tips of the filament of alternate lengths white, 0.5 mm long and ca 0.7 mm long; anther cream, ca 0.4 mm in diameter. Ovary hirsute, with several parietal ovules; style curved, basal part thickened, white, 2 mm long; stigma capitate, cream, ca 0.4 mm in diameter. Pods reflexed, flat, linear-lanceolate, apex rounded with a mucro, slightly curved, margin entire, outside light green with brownish hispid hairs, inside whitish and glabrous; seed area slightly swollen, (3.5–)9–12 by 4–6(–8) cm. Seeds 2–4, biconvex, both ends rounded, smooth, pale light yellowish, cream and later brownish, 9–10 by 7–8 mm; hilum distinct.


Thailand : NORTHERN: Chiang Mai (Chiang Dao, Doi Suthep-Pui NP, Fang, Hang Dong, Mae Rim, San Sai), Nan, Lamphun (Doi Khun Tan NP), Phrae (Mae Yom NP), Tak (Umphang); NORTH-EASTERN: Loei (Phu Kradueng); EASTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima (Bua Yai, Pak Thong Chai); SOUTH-WESTERN: Kanchanaburi (Sangkha Buri, Thong Pha Phum); CENTRAL: Lop Buri, Saraburi (Kaeng Khoi), Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (Bangkok); SOUTH-EASTERN: Chachoengsao.


Distribution : Probably native to NE China; commonly cultivated.


Ecology : Only known from cultivation. Flowering and fruiting: throughout the year.


Vernacular : Thua phra lueang (ถั่วพระเหลือง), thua rae (ถั่วแระ), thua lueang (ถั่วเหลือง)(Central); ma thua nao (มะถั่วเน่า)(Northern).


CommonName : Soya bean.


Uses: Cultivated for edible seeds and also used as fodder.


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