Volume 13 > Part 2 > Year 2016 > Page 423 > Compositae (Asteraceae) > Xanthium

Xanthium strumarium L.wfo-0000082132

Sp. Pl. 2: 987. 1753; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 303. 1881; Gagnep., Fl. Indo-Chine 3: 588. 1924; Kerr, Fl. Siam. 2(3): 273. 1936; Y.S.Chen & D.J.N.Hind, Fl. China 20–21: 876. 2011. Fig. 85.

Accepted Name : This is currently accepted.

Synonyms & Citations :

Description : Annual or perennial herb, 0.2–1.2 m tall; stems from tap-roots, appressed hairy or subglabrous. Leaves cauline, alternate, petiolate; blade broadly ovate, suborbicular or reniform, 3–5-lobed, 3–15 by 2.5–15 cm, apex acute or acuminate, base rounded or cordate, margins irregularly serrate, both surfaces hispidulous, lower surface glandular; petioles 2–12 cm long. Inflorescences in short axillary panicles. Capitula unisexual; staminate capitulum globose, ca 5 mm diam. at flowering; phyllaries uni- or biseriate, lanceolate, 2–2.5 mm long, pubescent; florets tubular, ca 2.5 mm long; paleae oblong, 2.5 mm long, apex obtuse, pubescent; pistillate capitulum ovoid, 2–2.5 mm long at flowering, covered with spines and glands; florets 2, each consisting of a narrowly ovoid ovary; phyllaries uni- or biseriate, lanceolate 2–2.5 mm long; fruiting capitula (burr) obovoid, 15–18 mm long, including rostra, 5–6(–9) mm diam., excluding spines, spines ca 3 mm long, glandular and hispidulous; rostra thick, divergent, apex hooked as long as spines. Achenes (excised) narrowly ovoid or elliptic, 1.3–1.5 mm long, 3–4 mm diam., greyish black, smooth, apex tapering to a fine point.

Thailand : NORTHERN: Chiang Rai, Lamphun (Li); CENTRAL: Chai Nat (Chao Phraya Dam).

Distribution : India (Hortus Bengalensis – type), Bhutan, Malaysia (Sumatra), Indonesia (Java).

Ecology : Wayside grassy slopes, 200–1,500 m alt. Flowering: August–October.

Vernacular : Krachap (กระชับ)(Ratchaburi); kiang na (เกี๋ยงนา)(Northern); khi khrok (ขี้ครอก)(Peninsular, Central, Ratchaburi); khi on (ขี้อ้น)(Northern, Northeastern, Southwestern, Central, Peninsular); khi on don (ขี้อ้นดอน)(Khon Kaen, Loei, Phitsanulok); khi on nam (ขี้อ้นน้ำ)(Nakhon Phanom); makhanat nam (มะขะนัดน้ำ)(Northern); ya phom yung (หญ้าผมยุ่ง)(Chiang Mai, Northern).

CommonName : Cocklebur.