Volume 13 > Part 1 > Year 2015 > Page 81 > Cannabaceae > Celtis

2. Celtis tetrandra Roxb.wfo-0000593783

Fl. Ind. ed. Carey 2: 63. 1832; Planch., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér 3, 10: 300. 1848; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 2: 472. 1877; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 482. 1888. Gagnep., Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 5: 681. 1928; Backer & Bakh.f. Fl. Java 2: 11. 1965; Soepadmo, Fl. Males., Ser. I, Spermat. 8: 66. 1977; F.Liguo, X.Yigun & Whittem., Fl. China 5: 18. 2003.— Sponia tetrandra (Roxb.) Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calc.: 294. 1845. Fig. 2.

Accepted Name : This is currently accepted.

Synonyms & Citations :

Description : Tree to 25 m tall, semideciduous; bark greyish brown, lenticellate; young shoots, petioles, inflorescences densely or sparsely fulvous tomentose, glabrescent. Stipules linear to narrowly lanceolate, 5–7 by 1–1.5 mm, caducous. Leaves asymmetric, ovate-elliptic, 5–10 by 2–4 cm; base oblique; apex acute, acuminate to caudate; margin sparsely serrate or crenate-serrate in the upper half or nearly entire, young leaves dull red brown; thinly chartaceous, upper surface minute pustular, lower surface finely brown hairy; the 3 basal nerves reaching up to 2/3 from base; nerves 1–3 on each side of midrib, with tufted dormatia, veins transverse. Petiole 6–13 mm, narrowly grooved above, puberulous. Inflorescences axillary cymes on young shoots, 2–5-flowered. Flowers bisexual and male, the upper central one mostly bisexual, the others male. Bisexual flower ca 2 mm diam.; perianth base connate, 4 or 5-lobed, lobes elliptic to broadly ovate, boat-shaped, 2–2.5 by 1–2 mm; apex obtuse, ciliate; outside laxly hairy, glabrescent, inside glabrous, yellowish, light to dark brown; stamens as many as the perianth lobes and opposite the lobes; filament flattened, ca 2 mm long, glabrous; anther ovate to elliptic, ca 0.75 by 0.5 mm, versatile, introrse; pistil 1, surrounded by long straight hairs, cylindrical, ca 1.5 by 0.5 mm, glabrous, 1-celled, ovule 1, stigmatic arms 2, sessile, spreading, papillose inside. Male flower as bisexual one but pistillode not well developed. Infuctescences ca 1.5–2 cm long; fruit 1–3, at base hairy; fruit stalk 0.5–1.5 cm long. Drupe broadly ellipsoid or ovoid to globose, 5–8 by 3–7 mm, glabrous, green, orange to black when ripe. Seed subglobose.

Thailand : NORTHERN: Chiang Mai (Doi Chiang Dao, Doi Sutep, Fang, Mae Rim, Mae Win), Chiang Rai (Chiang Kham, Khun Chae NP), Lampang (Doi Luang NP, Chae Son NP, Ngao), Phitsanulok (Thung Salaeng Luang); NORTH-EASTERN: Chaiyaphum (Ban Nam Phrom), Loei (Na Haeo), Nakhon Phanom; EASTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP); SOUTH-WESTERN: Kanchanaburi (Khwae Noi, Sai Yok, Ta Salao); CENTRAL: Saraburi (Pak Chong), Nakhon Nayok (Khao Yai NP).

Distribution : Nepal, Bhutan, India, Bangladesh, Burma, China, Indochina, Malesia.

Ecology : Scattered in mixed dipterocarp forests, in deciduous forests, in evergreen forests, common on sandy river banks or along sandstone rivers, 180–2,500 m alt. Flowering and fruiting: almost all the year round.

Vernacular : Khi non khai (ขี้หนอนคาย)(Nakhon Ratchasima); khi non khwai (ขี้หนอนควาย); ma hat (มะหาด)(Central, Kanchanaburi); ma hat nam (มะหาดน้ำ); mai hat (ไม้หัด), hat (หัด, ฮัด)(Northern).