Volume 9 > Part 3 > Year 2008 > Page 233 > Fagaceae > Castanopsis

29. Castanopsis schefferiana Hancewfo-0000815066

J. Bot. 16: 200. 1878; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 105, pl. 99. 1899; A.Camus, Chataigniers: 456. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 461. 1940; Soepadmo, Fl. Males., ser. I, 7: 310. 1972. Fig. 32.

Accepted Name : This is currently accepted.

Synonyms & Citations :

Description : Tree, 5–25 m high, 100–120 cm girth, usually with buttresses to 1 m high. Terminal buds ovoid to elliptic, 3–5 by 2–3 mm, scales ovate, pubescent outside. Twigs tomentose then glabrous, sparsely lenticellate. Bark smooth, grey. Stipules linear, 3–7 mm long, caducous. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, 9–19 by 2.5–7 cm; base obtuse to acute; apex acuminate, cuspidate or blunt acute; margins entire; coriaceous or subcoriaceous, glossy dark green on the upper surface, pale on the lower, pubescent then glabrous; midrib prominent on the lower surface, depressed on the upper; lateral nerves 9–12 pairs, arched but not anastomosing, scalariform veins conspicuous on the lower surface, reticulate veins fine, conspicuous on the upper. Petiole 1.5–3 cm, pubescent then glabrescent, blackish when dry. Inflorescences male and female separate or mixed, erect, terminal or axillary. Male inflorescence always branched, spikelets 8–15 cm long. Male flowers yellowish, in 3–7-flowered cluster; bracts and bracteoles ovate, ca 1 by 0.5 mm, hairy outside; calyx 6-lobed, lobes oblong, free, 1–1.5 by 0.5 mm, pubescent outside; stamens 12, 2–2.5 mm long, glabrous; rudimentary ovary globose, ca 1 mm in diam., hirsute. Female inflorescence spike to few branched, spikelets 6–10 cm long, pubescent as male flowers; styles 3, 1–1.5 mm long, divergent; stigmata pointed. Fruits obovoid, sometimes distinctly 4-lobed, 3–5 cm in diam. (including cupule), fruit stalk ca 1 cm long, on erect and robust infructescence, 4–7 cm long. Cupule completely enclosing and fused with the nut; wall with branched and simple woody spines, spines always curved and glabrous; dehiscent in (3)–4 parts when dry. Nuts 2–3, rarely one per cupule, ovoid, apex conical, ca 1.5 by 1.5 cm; scar flattened, ca 1 cm in diam.

Thailand : EASTERN: Ubon Ratchathani; PENINSULAR: Krabi, Songkhla, Yala, Narathiwat.

Distribution : Malaysia, Singapore (type).

Ecology : Tropical evergreen rain forests, scrub forests, mixed deciduous forests, 100–400 m alt. Flowering: February–December (most commonly November–December); fruiting: July–December.

Vernacular : Ko khiao mu (ก่อเขี้ยวหมู), ko mu (ก่อหมู)(Peninsular); mak ko nam (มักก่อหนาม)(Eastern).